Women s Suffrage And Voting Rights - 2040 Words

Abstract Which individuals or groups started the women’s revolution (suffrage) to voting rights? Where did the first revolution occur? When did women become eligible to vote? How did the revolution to women’s voting rights transpire? Why was it so important for women to be able to vote? The questions before you are the very questions I intend to have answered while researching this subject. I want to take my readers back into time when women had no voice to be heard, and no opinions to be made. Women like Susan B. Anthony, Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucy Stone are just some of the women whom paved the way for our women of today. I will cover their stories and their individual fight for women’s right. While traveling back into time I will discuss with my readers which one of these particular women or women’s group have made an impact on my life personally and how I can relate to them. I will also fast forward to the outcome which led us to the 19th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution: Women s Right to Vote, And the 15th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution as well. Although this is outside of our date and time range I want my readers to know how this impacted Americans everyday life until this very day. Woman’s Movement to 1865 Picture this; the date is April 17th 1848, you are of a rich family. A family with acers and acers of land and your husband is a very well-known scholar. You have three sons; they’re all good boys by the world’s standard. You’ve raised them right, toShow MoreRelatedWomen s Suffrage : The Long Resisted Struggle Of Equal Right Voting1905 Words   |  8 PagesNationalizing Women’s Suffrage: The long resisted struggle of equal right voting â€Å"Remember the ladies†, wrote boldly by the soon to be First Lady Abigail Adams to her husband John Adams in March 1776. Abigail Adams’s words were one of the first noted mentions in the United States foreshadowing the beginning of a long suppressed battle towards women’s suffrage. The fight for women suffrage was a movement in which women, and some men included, pleaded for equal rights regarding voting and women’s voiceRead MoreWomen‚Äà ´s Suffrage Movement of Europe1187 Words   |  5 Pageshistory, women have struggled for equality in all parts of the world. European women fought for suffrage for an extremely long period of time before they were granted full voting rights. Each country approved women’s suffrage at different times, but it occurred in most European countries in the early 20th century. The first country to develop universal suffrage was Finland in the year 1906(â€Å"Women’s Suffrage in Europe†). One of the last countries to become open about women’s voting rights was SwitzerlandRead MoreKansas Is Well Known For Its Effective Participation In1370 Words   |  6 Pagesparticipation in the Women s Suffrage Movement. Early in the battle, the National American Woman Suffrage Association accepted Kansas as a liberal state that had a forward thinking mentality. In consideration of the state, the Association adopted the Kansas State flower, which is the sunflower as their image. The sunflower became a familiar sight and easily recognized symbol during suffrage campaigns. During the Women s Suffrage Movement, Effie Graham was one of the many remarkable women that participatedRead MoreAn Offering From The East Case Study926 Words   |  4 PagesOffering from the West Initial Resistance ​​         Referendum after referendum, suffrage swiftly swooped across the west, emancipation and equality a dream less far-flung in the minds of Canadians. The term and notion, suffrage, is limited to the right to vote, but for women it represented more, a catalyst for change. However, even before equal-pay legislation, employment rights, among other liberties men didnt share, the right to vote was brought upon by a myriad of various factors that were necessaryRead MoreThe Women s Suffrage Era1209 Words   |  5 PagesThe Women’s Suffrage Era â€Å"The only Question left to be settled now is: Are Women Persons?† Susan Brownell Anthony inquired in a speech she divulged during the 1800s after she was arrested and fined for voting the year before (women s rights to the suffrage pg. 2). During the 1900s, and many years before that, women became vile to the fact of feeling suppressed. Two particular women became repulsive to the fact that women voting was a taboo subject. Because of the impact, these women had on the societyRead MoreWomen Suffrage Essay Outline1137 Words   |  5 PagesThe Women Suffrage Alexis Kallenborn Mrs. T. Westling English III 13 October 2017  Outline Thesis Statement: Due to the Hardiments of Determined Females, Because of their Hostile feelings towards Woman Suffrage, Society began to view them as a part of the Union. Introduction I. Suppressed Women of the 19th Century Women s Role in Society Woodrow Wilson s Beliefs. The Society s beliefs on Woman Suffrage II. Woman Suffrage Movement Susan Brownell Anthony s contribution CarrieRead MoreWomens Suffrage Movement947 Words   |  4 PagesThe Woman’s Suffrage Era â€Å"The only Question left to be settled now is: Are Women Persons?† Susan Brownell Anthony inquired in a speech she divulged during the 1800s, after she was arrested and fined for voting the year before. During the 1900s, and many years before that, women became vile to the fact of feeling suppressed.Two particular women became repulsive to the fact that Women voting was a taboo subject. Because of the impact these women had on the society, The women s suffrage movement tookRead MoreWomens Suffrage in the 1800’s-19th Century Essay1190 Words   |  5 Pages Women, like black slaves, were treated unequally from the male before the nineteenth century. The role of the women played the part of their description, physically and emotionally weak, which during this time period all women did was took care of their household and husband, and followed their orders. Women were classified as the â€Å"weaker sex† or below the standards of men in the early p art of the century. Soon after the decades unfolded, women gradually surfaced to breathe the airRead MoreWomen And Women Anti Suffragists874 Words   |  4 Pages There were men and women anti-suffragists who opposed female enfranchisement to actually preserve the norms of American femininity. It is essential to note that individuals who held this anti-suffrage position were neither members of the aristocrat-class nor were they economically unfortunate. They were ordinary men and women who believed that traditional beliefs and values regarding female was at risk because of the suffrage movement. During this particular time period, woman were involvedRead MoreWomens Rights Movement1336 Words   |  6 PagesThe Women’s Rights Movement Women’s Suffrage is a subject that could easily be considered a black mark on the history of the United States. The entire history of the right for women to vote takes many twists and turns but eventually turned out alright. This paper will take a look at some of these twists and turns along with some of the major figures involved in the  suffrage  movement.   The first recorded instance in American history where a woman demanded the right to vote was in 1647. Margaret

The phenomenon of truancy Free Essays

Chapter 3: Research Design 3.1 Introduction The intent of the survey is to look into the phenomenon of hooky and so to qualify the nature and associated factors, to guarantee appropriate direction thereof. It is envisaged that, with more penetration, effectual intercession schemes can be implemented. We will write a custom essay sample on The phenomenon of truancy or any similar topic only for you Order Now Furthermore, secondary -education decision-makers may take consequences into history when school-attendance policies are reviewed. The reappraisal of the literature presented in the predating chapters reveals that secondary school scholars continue to play awol and lose the educational chances provided by mandatory school ordinances. Learners who play awol limit their ain opportunities of geting the necessary accomplishments to fix themselves for future employment. We besides looked at the different types of hooky, insouciant factors and assorted attacks that have been used to cut down hooky. This chapter describes the manner the empirical survey is planned and conducted, and will concentrate on the undermentioned facets: The research inquiries ; The research method ; 3.2 Research Questions The research worker together with the community of educationists are concerned about the fact that scholars continue to remain off from school by either losing the whole twenty-four hours of school or by losing certain lessons without permission from the school governments and parents. Students who play awol licking the purposes of the vision of the educational system which is based on fixing scholars for effectual citizenship and employability. The follow are the chief research inquiries that will be confronted in this survey. What is the extent and grade of hooky in footings of the frequence and figure of learns involved? What are the forms, type or nature of hooky? Where make hooky players travel when non at school or in category? What steps are used to supervise and pull off hooky? 3.3. The research instruments 3.3.1. The Questionnaire To reply the research inquiries presented above, information was collected by agencies of a questionnaire ( See Appendix 1 ) . Using a questionnaire is appropriate for a assortment of grounds, viz. because it is economical, it ensures namelessness, peculiarly when covering with a big sample and it helps in developing a general image to a phenomenon within a community sing similar conditions ( Nardi, 2003 ; Punch, 1998 ) . Upon careful consideration of bing questionnaires from the literature, the research worker has decided to roll up a new one for the current survey. The points that are included in this questionnaire are based on facts that are likely to lend to researching the phenomenon of hooky and are derived from the literature reappraisal. Some of these points are determined by the research inquiries set for this survey. The questionnaire employed for this first portion of the survey follows a quantitative attack. The determination to follow this design helps to research grounds of absenteeism from pupils ‘ positions, chiefly through the followers: Absenteeism against gender differences ; Absenteeism due to age and signifier ; Absenteeism due to school background ; Absenteeism with no ground ; Absenteeism due to household constructions ; Absenteeism related to repeated primary category ; 3.3.2. Pilot survey Two processs were carried out during the pre-testing stage of the questionnaire. Harmonizing to Cooper and Schinder ( 2003 ) , the research worker may trust on experts when flying the instrument to place alterations that can be made with confusing points. Experts and co-workers included a caput of school and my supervisor who are experienced in research were heartily requested to analyze the questionnaire to look into whether there were any points that needed to be changed or rephrased, every bit good the rightness of the clip set for finishing the questionnaire. The following process involved completion of the questionnaire by a sample of 20 Form 1 pupils and 20 Form 2 pupils non included the sample. The points in the questionnaire were hence considered to be satisfactory in footings of both diction and format. 3.3.3. Validity and Reliability Cogency refers to the extent to which an instrument measures what is it is supposed to mensurate. In order to set up its cogency the questionnaire was given to experts to find content and face cogency. Harmonizing to Johnson and Christensen ( 2004 ) , content cogency is a judgmental act where experts check whether the points represent the concept which is being studied every bit good as the diction, arranging and marking of the instruments. On the other manus, face cogency refers to the extend to which the respondents will comprehend the instruments as being valid to prove what it is suppose to prove ( Black, 1999 ) . The extent to which the instrument will supply the same consequences on subsequent disposal known as dependability was statistically obtained. The Cronbach Alpha correlativity expression was used to cipher dependability. The value obtained is 0.83, which indicates that the dependability of the instrument is satisfactory. 3.4 Sampling The focal point of choice of participants for this survey centres on pupils and educational professionals in schools. For the quantitative survey, the mark population is Form 1 and Form 2 pupils in the secondary school degree. Schools identified for this research include State secondary schools and Church schools. State secondary schools include two types of schools, viz. the Junior Lyceum and the Area secondary school pupils. In the coming of the educational reform presently being undertaken in the Maltese educational system, a new construction of colleges is integrating both Junior Lyceum and Area secondary school pupils into one school. Data for this survey is collected from presently amalgamated schools and non-amalgamated schools. For the qualitative survey of this research, a focal point group with a figure of educational professionals is carried out. Participants for the focal point group include ; capable instructors, PSD instructors, Guidance instructors and one Young person Worker. The qualitative survey besides includes two semi-structured in-depth interviews with one Head of School whose school has besides been targeted for the quantitative survey every bit good as a Guidance instructor from the Guidance Unit in the province educational sector. 3.4.1 The Quantitative Study Six different schools have been selected at random, integrating two Junior Lyceum schools, two Area Secondary schools and two Church schools. An mean equal sample of respondents was collected from each class of schools and is including a balanced sample from male childs and misss schools. The study questionnaire was administered to Form 1 and Form 2 pupils of the three school classs. The disposal of the study was carried out after reception of blessing both by the Planning and Development Department within the Directorate for Quality and Standards in Education ( DQSE ) every bit good as by the schools targeted for informations aggregation. The existent disposal of the study was carried out in coaction with the school disposals and was chiefly distributed through the support of the Personal and Social Development ( PSD ) instructors who administrated the study and collected the duly filled questionnaires. The research worker finally made agreements with the school disposals to roll up the studies. The research worker besides engaged in informations aggregation processs to roll up informations from schools within her range. The questionnaire consisted of three chief subdivisions, including ( I ) demographics, ( two ) forms, type and nature of hooky and ( three ) policies undertaken at a school degree to battle hooky and school absenteeism. Following the necessary clean-up of unsatisfactorily filled questionnaires, the entire figure of questionnaires employed for analysis consisted of 1000 to the full returned studies. 3.4.2 The Qualitative Study The qualitative survey incorporates two research designs. The first will be a focal point group and the 2nd will affect semi-structured in-depth interviews. The focal point group is intended to roll up informations from educational professionals on the manifestation and policies adopted across the three school classs on hooky and school absenteeism. Identified participants for this focal point group includes capable instructors, P.S.D. instructors, counsel instructors and one young person worker who is employed on a parttime footing by the Directorate of Educational Services. The interview agenda for the focal point group is here presented in Appendix 2. The semi-structured in-depth interviews were carried out with a Head of School and a Counselor from the counsel and reding unit. The interview agenda for these interviews was developed from the literature reappraisal carried out in chapter 2, the informations obtained from the quantitative survey and the feedback obtained from the focal point group. These interviews are intended to endorse up the quantitative analysis and to supply extra penetration on current patterns and schemes adopted to battle school hooky and absenteeism ( See Appendix 3 ) . 3.5 Restrictions The initial program was to include all pupils registered for Form1 and Form2 categories in the identified schools. A little figure of pupils in each category were regarded as absent at the clip of informations aggregation. When using for the relevant permissions, the Research Planning and Development section clearly indicated the research worker to curtail the research to a lower limit of pupils, instructors, decision makers, schools and to avoid any waste of clip during the visits to schools. As a effect to the limitations made upon the research worker, a purposive sample of participants undertook the procedure of informations aggregation for this survey. 3.6 Datas Processing The nature of the information here being investigated reflects features in the general population that should non convey out any differences between males and females on behaviors of hooky and school absenteeism. In this respect the statistical analysis will use the non parametric step of rating viz. Chi square. Any ascertained differences will function to accept or reject the void hypotheses on these parametric quantities. Any important differences ensuing from this analysis would assist to accept the alternate hypotheses from the sample of participants in this survey, hence bring forthing evidences for accepting the alternate hypotheses. All the informations shall be analysed utilizing the Statistical bundle for the Social Sciences ( SPSS ) version 17. 3.7 Decisions This chapter provided an overview of how this survey was planned and conducted. This chapter has besides presented research inquiries for the current survey and identified the research instruments to roll up informations in this respect. The research design is constructed upon a quantitative survey and a qualitative survey with well-thought-of instruments. Elementss of cogency and dependability of the questionnaire and the pilot testing of this instrument present an first-class scenario for a valid information aggregation procedure. The participants for this survey include pupils every bit good as instructors and other professionals working in close contact with the phenomenon here under probe. This chapter presented a elaborate reappraisal of the trying method every bit good as the features of both surveies to be carried out. Finally restrictions in the research design are besides presented. The consequences of the empirical survey are presented in the following chapter. How to cite The phenomenon of truancy, Essay examples

The Effect of the Slave Trade on West Africa free essay sample

This increase was propelled by ongoing European colonization and the growth of industry in the new world, which created a great demand for labor. Consequently, the Europeans expanded the slave trade within Africa and across the Atlantic removing innumerable amounts of persons from the region of the Senegal River to Congo in West Africa. Slave trading in West Africa could be likened to a tidal wave [which] tossed people caught its turbulence in its wildly swirls currents of [social], economic and political (Cement, 13).The disadvantages of the trade far outweighed the benefits derived from it. The slave trade destroyed the fabric of West African societies. The mass depopulation of West Africa was one of the most salient effects of the slave trade as was evident in kingdoms such as Congo, Senegal, Angola, CIO, Oho and Doomed. It is estimated that between 1 700 and 1 850 some eleven million people were taken from West Africa (Cement, 12). The forced emigration of these individuals resulted not only in a reduction in population numbers but it also crippled the ability of the nations to replenish themselves.This was so as most captives were between the ages of fourteen to fifteen; the age range Of sexual maturity and potency. Consequently, there ere lower birthrates and the rate of natural growth decreased. Population numbers also decreased as a result of much mortality in slave raids and due to the maltreatment of captives. Lastly, this depopulation changed the demography of the population to one characterized by mostly, women, children and elderly men. The decline of the population also spurred the breakdown of the family structure in West Africa.In slave raids there was no regard for family ties, once an individual was seen as viable he was captured. Accordingly, many young orphans were left to fend for themselves. Furthermore, there was the erosion of the traditional nuclear family structure and the subsequent development of single parent families. Moreover, since a greater ratio of men than women were traded, there was a distortion on gender roles; for example women had to take on roles as breadwinners of the families.This disruption of the family precipitated the ultimate disintegration of communities. The slave trade expunged the community life and community spirit in some West African states. Prior to the vicious trade, West African communities were characterized by colonization among errors, happiness, subsistent living, brotherhood and love. However, as a result of the slave trade societies became corrupt; leaders were overtaken with greed and exploited their common people. Individuals became very defensive and suspicious of their own neighbors.Moreover persons became nomadic and fled from their communities to forested areas where they had a better chance of remaining free. The disruption of the communities also occurred due to the fact that the slave trade induced negative psychological effects on Africans. This trade created immeasurable levels of fear and insecurity, as well as mental instability. This occurred as there was always the looming threat of being captured in a slave raid at any point in time and at any location. Furthermore, the slave trade gave rise to alterations in the social structure of the West African societies.Prior to the trade a structure existed where the most prestigious individuals owned slaves which they used for domestic and field labor, in war and as personal assets. With in slave trade a lack of slaves for such purposes eliminated this structure. Additionally, it became much more difficult for the poor to climb the social ladder as the gap teen the rich and poor widened. State Leaders who were the main slave traders became richer while the lowly West Africans suffered losses and became poorer.Lastly, the slave trade induced an invasion of the European culture which undermined the ancient African culture. Firstly, the influx of European goods such as cloth led to a change in dress as some persons used this commodity for clothing. Furthermore, African cuisine changed slightly as imported foods like corn replaced African provision. Additionally, the rich music, dance and songs such as the grits; singing about rich men which originated in Sexagenarian, ceased in this new apprehensive environment. Certain religious institutions were perverted to meet the needs of the slaves and were defamed.Cultural development was also limited as the traditional transfer of historical stories from one generation to the next was impeded. Lastly since skilled craftsmen were captured and enslaved and those who produced art in the risky environment produced inferior types of the art, ancient art and crafts were lost. The slave trade produced minute positive social effects In West Africa. Firstly, the slave trade provided employment to hose Africans involved in the capture and trading of slaves thus contributing to improvements in persons standard of living.Furthermore, the crops brought across the Atlantic created a boost in agriculture in some states thus helping to sustain population growth and create a higher class of people in society. The social effects of the slave trade on West Africa were quite severe. While the slave trade wracked some West African economies from its inception, it was a significant source of financial gain for others. Firstly, the slave trade caused economic tragedy in that it induced the export of West Africans most valuable raw material; its human labor in a unsustainable fashion. Millions of strong, productive youthful men and women were removed from West Africa at faster rates than they could be replaced, this ultimately prevented successive generations from being able to adequately meeting their own needs and develop West Africa. The decrease in West Africans labor supply triggered the decline in agriculture. Prior to the slave trade lands were farmed for commercial and subsistence use, however during the slave trade farm land were abandoned due to the capture of the rammers and their slaves and the fleeing of persons to other area to avoid raids.Places along rivers like the Senegal River where large scale farming was practiced became danger zones where kidnapping took place. Nomads had little access to fertile land and they became susceptible to drought, farming, starvation and malnutrition. Moreover, food shortages occurred and food had to be purchased. The slave trade changed the structure of trade in West Africa, instead of trading gold, ivory bronzer, kola nuts and slaves for beds, cloth, ceramics crafts and weapons as in earlier days, Africans centered the read around trading slaves for guns, gun powder, iron textiles and alcohol. Moreover, the kings and slave kidnappers became the main beneficiaries of the slave trade who supplied the product which was in high demand. Unfortunately, the goods of the other West African decreased in popularity and these persons felt a great economic strain. Accordingly, the uneven distribution of wealth in that period was clearly defined. Furthermore, when goods like iron and baskets were still in high demand markets for local craftsmen were lost as African merchants imported the same goods these people made for example, cloth, iron, pots and hoes.Moreover, the trade of slaves and the purchase of inferior goods undermined local industries like the salt producing industry, the mining industry and metal works. During that period West Africans no longer wanted to take part in internal trade or intra- African trade and external trade with the Europeans grew. One devastating effect of the slave trade was that the West Africans practiced monoculture where they relied almost exclusive ly upon slaves as a main crop. Moreover any decline in the product was accompanied by a decline in a nations economy.For example in the 1 sass when war broke out in Oho, the trade was reduced and the states income was reduced dramatically. Furthermore, when the Europeans attempted to end the human trafficking in the 18th century this created grave strains on the economies of the chief states involved in the trade ;Shanty, Doomed, Benign, Guiana, Ghana coast and Congo. Lastly, the slave trade weakened the economic potential of many African communities by throwing them off the path of development. Constant tribal wars, raids and frequent kidnappings exhausted communities and led to the stagnation of some economies.Moreover, the slave created a sense of insecurity in some communities which discouraged incentive and economic enterprise which would have stimulated development. The slave trade procured significant positive economic result. Many West African nations acquired considerable wealth as a direct result of the slave trade. For example, the Shanty Kingdom which became a major exporter of slave grew and developed as due to the profits derived from the trade. Furthermore, the slave trade stimulated the growth and development of States such as Doomed, another large scale trader.These nations had a sure market for heir export crop and while their foreign exchange increased they were able to market themselves to the outside world. Lastly, the local Africans also gained revenue from the slave trade. African rulers captured slaves, sold them to slave specialists, specialists African and Afro-European slaves conveyed the slaves to the coasts where European activity was centered along their trading forts. Revenue also came from rent and taxes the Europeans were made to pay for their occupation of land space and buildings along the West African coast. The slave trade also affected African politics. The political Structure of most West African states was made up of various tribes which comprised kingdoms led by kings. Although the tribes were engaged in tribal wars prior to the slave trade to expand their tribes and present;e themselves, the trade instigated the increase of these wars. The great demand for slaves changed the motive of those who engaged in tribal wars. Leaders driven by greed now planned wars solely for the capture of large amounts of slave for export. The Europeans did not capture their own victims but rather influenced the capture of slaves.For example in Angola they stirred up warfare between the kingdoms of Kong and Mongo which provided sufficient captives for the trade. Additionally, the slave trade induced the rise of professional armies, crime and violence with the rise in import of firearms and ammunition. These weapons were used in raids and wars to capture slaves, moreover tribal wars became more bloody and brutal and ended in more fatalities. The slave trade instigated the break down of leadership and led to the corruption of political institution and systems of government.Some local kings, who saw the trade as profitable, increased slave raids and forsook their roles as leaders to become business partners with the Europeans. In some cases the leaders even amended the laws and policies of their states and placed minor offenses in the same category as major crimes punishable by slavery just so they could sell their own people into slavery. Military skills in some areas became more important than the traditional political system. Accordingly, the breakdown of leadership in West Africa retarded the overall development of the region due to the in surmountable political instability which occurred. Furthermore, attention leaders were captured or killed before their talents and skills were cultivated. Furthermore, the slave trade precipitated transliteration as persons were forcibly removed from their traditional tribal structure in raids and war thus leading to the disintegration of tribes. Lastly, the slave trade was detrimental in that it lent the rise of some kingdoms and the fall of others. Predator states such as Benign, and Doomed and Shanty waged wars and acquired the strength to expand and impose their authority upon their neighbors as a result of the vast economic prosperity acquired in slave raiding.For example, Shanty fought with costal kingdoms on both its north and south to obtain direct trade with the Europeans. Small communities which were neighbors to the expanding states suffered greatly and some of them disappeared completely as their lands were overtaken by their more powerful rivals. The political benefits were derived by only the large expanding states such as Oho which was able to attain political status globally. Hilary Buckles and Verne Shepherd described the slave trade as a reign of terror unleashed upon the African Continent.The effect of this terror was magnified in West Africa where millions of slaves were exported.

Themes in Heart of Darkness Essay Example

Themes in Heart of Darkness Essay â€Å"Heart of Darkness,† is regarded as one of the best and by far the most talked about novels of Joseph Conrad. The novel is not only read for it s unique settings, a variety of its interesting events, symbolic implications, exploration of ancient traditions but the popularity and literary status of novel owes a great deal to its multi-dimensional themes that have the power and vigor to penetrate deep down into the human psychology. Various critics ever since the publication of the novel have tried to find the real theme of the novel and have interpreted the hidden motives of interpreted Conrad in their style.But the most interesting comment comes from a famous and eminent Critic of the novelist. He says: â€Å"Heart of darkness† is a master-piece of abstract art by majestic painter, each time you look at it, you get a new meaning, different themes appear and reappear to the conscience, and what’s more the stream of thought continues to give food to the soul c ompare to an abstract meaning as every time when we read to find new meaning like abstract painting. There is hardly any doubt about the validity of the above statement. The real charm of the novel lies in its thematic depth. No, doubt, the novel is read about all over the world for its variety of themes; but this is also a fact that â€Å"darkness† evil nature of man is more hesitate theme prevailing in human heart is the most dominating theme of the novel, though there are other visible themes such as selfishness of modern man, inefficiency, imperialism and historical perspective. â€Å"Heart of Darkness† in fact dopiest the darkness of the human heart. The novelist wants to suggest the notion that all the development in the modern world and especially in Europe hasn’t been darkness is present in every man’s heart, and only in Africa able to sweep away the real darkness, ignorance, and brutality. We appear deceptively acceptable in society. The modern civilization has ju We will write a custom essay sample on Themes in Heart of Darkness specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Themes in Heart of Darkness specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Themes in Heart of Darkness specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

Advantages Disadvantages of Online Shopping Essay Example

Advantages Disadvantages of Online Shopping Essay Example Advantages Disadvantages of Online Shopping Paper Advantages Disadvantages of Online Shopping Paper There are many advantages and disadvantages to shopping online. I have been shopping online for over 20 years, and feel that I am fairly well qualified to compare and contrast online shopping. The purpose of bestbookbuys. com is to compare prices before you buy, save time, save money, and make online shopping experience easy and pleasant. This website has different kinds of information such as: books, music, videos, electronics, photo labs, bike stores and hot deals. Best book buys searches a wide variety of online book retailers to find all types of books at the lowest prices. Lets say that you want to buy a $38. 66 hardback book online. You will have to pay at least $7. 48 to ship it (and that is from a company that charges reasonable shipping fees). So, your $38. 66 book will end up costing you $46. 12 before taxes. One time I almost bought a sewing machine online. The sewing machine was on sale for $499. However, after shipping and taxes was added, the cost came to about $606. I saw the same machine and brand at one of the local fabric stores on sale for $399 and I didn’t have to worry about the shipping, just the taxes and that saved me $180. Sorry, but to save that amount of money, I will be glad to put that sewing machine into my trunk and drive it home. But I understand why it cost so much to ship Taylor 2 it; that particular sewing machine was heavy. I have learned with this site, it makes it easy to compare prices, save money and time, check the status of your order, and is very convent to shop. As with everything else in life, there are pros and cons with shopping online. I find shopping online to be an excellent way to shop for certain items. However, for other items, I would rather shop at a local store. Also, there are times when I just want to get out of the house and need to do some shopping.

What Does It Take to Get Into Clemson University?

With an acceptance rate of 47%, Clemson has a reputation for being selective. So, what does it take to make your application stand out? Academics and activism combine at this Southern Carolina university. Founded in 1889, Clemson University is passionate about building a robust student body that’s dedicated to serving the larger community. Students have the opportunity to work with volunteer organizations like the Women’s Leadership Council and the Giving Tree Project. And with 80 undergraduate majors and hundreds of student clubs and organizations, there’s plenty to do both in and out of the classroom. As a bonus, more than 92 percent of Clemson seniors say they would choose the school all over again. Clearly, Clemson is a great place to earn a degree. But is it the school right for you? Keep reading to find out what it takes to get into Clemson University, along with tips to keep in mind when applying. If your goal is to attend the University of Clemson, you should start by gathering the necessary application materials. First-year students looking to attend Clemson in the fall will need to fill out the Coalition Application by December 1st. Those seeking priority consideration for academic scholarships should send in all application materials by December 31st. In addition to the Coalition Application, aspiring freshmen must submit the following: Additionally, students pursuing music or theater concentrations will need to audition before being accepted. Check your program’s specific requirements prior to submitting your application. In most cases, students will be notified of their acceptance by February 15th. The bar for entry to Clemson University is higher than ever. With an acceptance rate of 47%, Clemson has a reputation for being selective. In particular, acceptance rates for in-state students have fallen dramatically over the last decade. While 61% of in-state students were accepted to the school in 2008, by 2018 the rate had dropped to 53%. This change is likely due to the 86% increase in the number of applicants over the same period. Still, high schoolers who have their hearts set on attending Clemson shouldn’t give up hope. The University application review process assesses grades, rigor of high school curriculum, class standing, major choice, test scores, and extracurricular commitments in order to determine a student’s potential to succeed and contribute to the campus.   Estimating your chance of getting into a college is not easy in today’s competitive environment. Thankfully, with our state-of-the-art software and data, we can analyze your academic and extracurricular profile and estimate your chances. Our profile analysis tool can also help you identify the improvement you need to make to enter your dream school. Like most competitive schools, Clemson seeks out applicants who excel academically. The average GPA is 3.74, with most students holding high class ranks. While Clemson doesn’t require applicants to complete a certain high school curriculum, the following courses are recommended: Additionally, Clemson applicants stand out with regard to standardized testing. The middle 50% of accepted freshmen have SAT scores between 1230 and 1390 and ACT scores between 27 and 32. If you’re set on attending Clemson, you’ll need to focus on bolstering low SAT scores. According to an interview with Clemson’s director of admissions, the school uses SAT and ACT results to predict college success. By pursuing SAT tutoring programs and taking the test multiple times, students can increase their odds of getting that elusive acceptance letter. Moreover, students may be able to overcome less-competitive grades and SAT scores by focusing on their personal statements. Clemson’s admissions director advises students to detail what they learned in high school rather than explaining outside circumstances that may have affected their performance. He also cautions against using a tone that’s too casual or friendly in application materials. When in doubt, applicants should strive to be honest and engaging while showing their unique perspective on the world. Like most colleges, Clemson University only has a certain number of slots available each year and sometimes even highly qualified applicants fail to make the cut. It’s easy to feel down after being rejected from one of your top-choice colleges but important to remember not to take it personally. The good news is that getting rejected from one school leaves you with the opportunity to experience something wonderful at another, even if it’s your second or third-choice school. If you’re worried about getting rejected from Clemson University or another school, think about increasing the size of your college list. With over 61 colleges and universities in South Carolina alone, and thousands more around the U.S., applying to a broad range of schools is the best way to ensure a bright and promising future. Still set on earning your degree at Clemson? Each February, the university identifies a select group of talented students who just missed out on being accepted and invites them to participate in the Bridge to Clemson program . Also known as the Bridge, this program requires students to enroll at Tri-County for their first year. Provided that they earn 30 transferable credit hours and maintain a 2.5 grade point average, they will be guaranteed admission to Clemson for the following fall. Need help with your Clemson University application or other southern colleges? At , we’ve helped more than 6,000 students gain admission to the colleges of their dreams. Our College Applications Program offers numerous resources, including essay writing assistance, one-on-one support, and help customizing school lists. Ready to get a jumpstart on the college admissions process? Call today or contact the College Applications team online .

Outline theiia.org Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Outline theiia.org - Assignment Example Employers  and Agencies can fill open positions in their respective departments. One can also post job openings searching for resumes, which match the desired criteria posted in the audit career center (Institute of Internal Auditors 13). 1. SERVICES A. Quality Assurance Here, there is a Quality Assurance and Improvement Program (QAIP) which enables evaluation of the internal audit activity's conformance. This program is also responsible for gauging the efficiency and effectiveness of the internal audit activity, identifying improvement opportunities. Internal assessments are constant, where there are in-house assessments of the in-house audit  activities together with periodic self-assessments and/or reviews (Institute of Internal Auditors 14). 1. MEMBERSHIP A. Benefits of Membership This section focuses on members where it stipulates that members are entitled to guidance, training, and services free or specially priced. Most of the important prospects accessible to IIA members are: 1. Advocacy Resourceful guidance is accessible to members for the advocacy of their role with the main stakeholders. The IIA maintains international recognition due to their presence in Washington DC in the advocacy of the profession. ... The IIA is the pioneer in imaginative interior review preparing, with the provision of quality involving opportunities for learning which is well facilitated for its members and customers. With IIA, there is an assurance that as a member you have the learning and abilities essential for the procurement of the most abnormal amount of surety, knowledge, and possible objectivity which adds value to your organization. There is a commitment to the deliverance of the very best in internal audit training, satisfying our notoriety as the worldwide guide in inward review instruction, by the procurement of the best quality esteem in the business (Institute of Internal Auditors 16). 1. Top-quality Training Programs and Facilitators Here, the IIA raises the bar on quality by best practices in adult instructional design when building and updating courses. IIA also incorporates  the strategy and theory behind how adults learn working closely with subject matter experts in the development and mai ntenance of courses ensuring that they are aligned with the IIA's International Professional Practices Framework (IPPF). Another reason for our superiority and the top quality training programs is IIA’s talent facilitators which facilitate the member to undertake meticulous training and peer review, thus becoming experts at encouraging transfer of knowledge by way of discussions, exercises, and activities (Institute of Internal Auditors 17). 1. CERTIFICATION A. CIA certification The IIA has a very comprehensive certification portfolio serving as the key to unlocking opportunities within the internal audit profession; increasing the level of a member’s credibility while adding clout to the resume. This increases your value to your clients and employer

Trends in Business Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Trends in Business Leadership - Essay Example Changes in the work environment lead to new leadership styles whereby leaders change their styles to remain effective. Such changes include improvement in key processes, streamlining functions and restructuring for effectiveness. For an organization to sustain relevance in business, strategists must be put in place to improve the organization’s ability to read and respond to changing trends in the market environment. They should be able to identify challenges in time and respond promptly by improving structures that boost business flexibility and adaptability. Adaptability reduces rigidity of the leaders and enables them to commit to current and future changes. Therefore, they should view change as inevitable and essential part of organization success. The goal of such changes is adapt, regenerate and survive (McLean, 2006). This paper discusses five main trends in business leadership, the reasons for emerging trends and strategies to cope with these trends. Reasons for Trends in Leadership Most leaders lack competencies in strategic thinking, leading change, ability to inspire, techniques to create a vision and involve others in it. They also lack the ability to understand the organizational set up and proper functioning of systems. Most business organizations contain a large number of interacting processes and structures that are difficult to manage. This has forced many organizations to adopt strategies geared towards improving performance and attaining as well as maintaining competitive advantage. Effective leadership is the most significant of the strategies, thus most leaders are pressured by high performance expectation resulting to the emergence of new trends. Information systems in many organizations are indecipherable and complicated making the interactions between different organs of an organization difficult. Interactions in these organizations are non linear complicated implying that minute changes in leadership leads to pronounced, dispropo rtionate effects at all departments. This has led to communication trends and the need for effective leadership trends. Increased globalization has increased the urge to lead across cultures. The transformation from traditional organizational strategies has allowed room for flexibility and expansion enabling businesses to explore international markets. Most local markets are also facing stiff competition from local firms therefore creating a need for most organizations to explore international markets. Most organizations are favoring global-oriented who are able to formulate effective strategies that promote international business. Technology trends are caused by information overload, lack of interconnectedness between organization systems and business communities. Most of the new technologies also disrupt the professional practices. Organizations are thus edged towards effective leadership skills that are technologically sound to steer management towards technological advancement. The main trends in business leadership are: Focus on Human Resource Current market research indicates that most organizations consider human resource as the most eminent asset in corporate growth. Emerging trends predict that human resource will be the most

Dissertation Quality Essay Example for Free

Dissertation Quality Essay After perusing the reports on standards for different types of research, it appears that my particular dissertation should more or less be held to the highest possible standards, given the circumstances under which my research will be undertaken. The standards for quality that have been cited by the varying types of review boards have certain criteria that they share. Review boards vary mainly in the type of use that they make of the research that is submitted to them, and a large part of this variance is concerned with the availability of funds. Certain boards; like the National Science Board (NSB), the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the National Institutes of Health (NIH); award sizable grants for particular research and therefore seem to have a higher degree of selectivity at the proposal level. In such a scenario, the greater part of the proposals submitted fail to be supported by these institutions and are (by default) considered of lower quality. Universities, on the other hand, are under much less of an obligation to fund dissertations and also have a more vested interest in improving the quality of proposals and dissertations submitted to their committees. Differences exist therefore because of the type of examining board to which research will be submitted. However, despite these differences, it has been found that the criteria for excellence that act as a benchmark for quality dissertations do possess similarities to those required by the various other types of research. Still, the methods of evaluation have also been found to emphasize certain criteria while de-emphasizing others. Though quality dissertations like mine usually end up being significantly longer, they are themselves generally structured in a manner similar to peer-reviewed journal articles. These products of research are expected to provide detailed explanation of the author’s thoughts and actions concerning the research from the moment of its conception through its implementation and analysis (NIH, 2001; NSB NSF, 1996; Straub, Ang Evaristo, 1994). Quality research (including dissertations) therefore contains focused information concerning the background to the question or problem being considered. My dissertation should also contain evidence of extensive research in the field of inquiry, usually demonstrated through a comprehensive literature review. The question of the research is also expected to be formulated in such a way as to facilitate direct empirical study, and the methods used should be presented in detail within the body of the research. Evidence of the statistical analysis of data should also be presented in elaborate form within the dissertation and the results subsequently discussed in detail. Finally, the major implications of the research should be reiterated, conclusions drawn, and recommendations given (2001; 1995; 1994). Despite the fact that the dissertation (like other forms of research) should follow this general pattern, certain value judgments concerning the quality of the product at each level must also be made. In general, the dissertations should be held to a standard dictating that the problem addressed within it be of some significance to the research field (NIH, 2001). This has been described as â€Å"an original and significant contribution† to the particular discipline, and demands that the research seek to expand or advance scientific knowledge in some definable way. The onus should be placed upon me (the presenter of the dissertation that seeks to be of true quality) to explicitly communicate how my research measures up to this standard. Through this measure my educational level will also be exposed, and further knowledge concerning my mastery of his area will also be gauged through my discussion of the literature that has been reviewed. This discussion should be measured according to the extent to which it demonstrates a high level of understanding of the material being dealt with, and such understanding is only enhanced by the recognition of gaps in research that the dissertation itself proposes to fill. Quality dissertations are also held to a high standard regarding the methodology chosen for the implementation of the study used to gain contemporary empirical data. The quality of my dissertation should therefore also be gauged according to this standard. As a researcher, I should be expected to adhere strictly to proper scientific methods, and express evidence must be given within the dissertation itself that this has been performed. Beyond this, however, most reports on research quality or eligibility make some reference to â€Å"intrinsic† or â€Å"intellectual merit† (NSB NSF, 1996; Lovitts, 2005). In fact, some review boards have given guidelines that appear Hippocratic in their nature—requiring not only that researchers practice good science and produce dissertations that add unique knowledge to the field, but also that they fulfill a pedagogical responsibility as well as contribute to the improvement of society (Comer, 2005; NSF, 1996). My dissertation must also be held to such a standard. Resources do play a big part in the ability to produce a meritorious dissertation. In fact, one particular report has mentioned a criterion that gauges the usefulness of the environment in the performance of the research associated with a dissertation (NIH, 2001). The availability of resources and technology that aid in research performance (or the availability of the funds necessary to procure these) will have a significant impact on how well my dissertation is written. Furthermore, the quality of my dissertation will also depend on the intellectual resources available to me—competent, qualified and knowledgeable professors and the access to journals and other scientific and peer-reviewed journals (Comer, 2005; Straub, Ang Evaristo, 1994). These variables take a great deal of money to fund, and their availability for use will actually depend on the researcher’s ability to attend a university that provides these resources. Some researchers have revealed a certain amount of skepticism when considering the methods employed for measuring the quality of research. These persons have indicated that the measured quality of research has the ability to change depending on the perspective from which it is scrutinized. Therefore, a dissertation which might appear â€Å"excellent† when viewed from one standpoint might be considered only â€Å"acceptable† when seen from another standpoint (Lovitts, 2005). Much of the merit granted to a dissertation (or resulting journal publication) depends on the reputation of the researcher, and this in turn can be gauged by a number of factors. Reports also suggest that the level of funding granted (or to be granted) has a bearing on the amount of scrutiny that a research product will undergo. However, it must be noted that reputation can be superficial. Substantial research might be overlooked because a rivaling product has been compiled by a researcher with a better-known name. Similarly, research might be given a high-quality label solely because it has been performed with the aid of a large grant. The reasoning behind this is that the grant would not have been awarded had the research idea not been highly original, innovative, and possessing of all the intellectual and pedagogical qualities named above. However, the point that such report-writers make is a valid one: that the quality of a dissertation should be judged not on such peripheral factors as the name of the researcher or grant amount, but on the intrinsic qualities of the actual research produced. My dissertation should be granted the same courtesy: it should be judged on the merit of its intrinsic qualities (as described in earlier paragraphs) rather than on other superficial variables. One particular report on the quality of dissertations has mentioned the label of â€Å"acceptable† being given to an otherwise high-quality dissertation because of the failure of the methods or the achievement of an unfavorable outcome. Specifically, one report has noted that â€Å"In experimental disciplines, otherwise good dissertations are considered acceptable when experiment(s) do not work out, and students get null or negative results† (Lovitts, 2005). It is therefore notably the case, sometimes, that theory and practice do not concur. In such a case, it appears that the quality of the dissertation is faulted (2005), though it is not certain why this should be definitively the case. Should theory and practice not concur in the execution of the experiments covered in my dissertation, consideration should be given to the value even of such a contradictory finding. Such a value would (and should) be emphasized within the dissertation itself. The scientific nature of research—even at the dissertation level—should admit all findings into the annals of research even (and perhaps especially) when practice contradicts theory. (This should, of course, be contingent on the proper performance of my experiment. Furthermore, it should also be considered that the ability to make theoretical ideas practical may be a limiting factor in experimentation. One example of this regards the ethical idea of informed consent, which works well in theory, but in practice sometimes harms the outcome of experiments (Bassett, Basinger, Livermore, 1992; Schrag, 1979). The quality of my dissertations should be measured according to my ability to provide creative and effective methods of dealing with any problems that arise from discrepancies between theory and methods. The considerations named above are applicable to me. Though some potential problems may no longer present a barrier to my completing a quality dissertation (as I have succeeded in procuring many of these resources) it must be noted that the standpoint from which my dissertation is viewed will likely have an effect on the perception of its quality. It is fair to base the quality of my dissertation on the efficacy and incisiveness of the research question and problem it addresses. It is also fair to judge its quality based on my competence, as will be revealed in my interaction with the literature reviewed. Furthermore, the methods I employ to implement the experiment must be sound and discussions insightful and comprehensive. However, research suggests that one should also consider the idea of bias, as a quality dissertation presented by certain researchers who (even within a university setting) may not be regarded as highly as others, might be overlooked or undervalued despite its innate value (2005). My dissertation should be treated with courtesy and valued as much on its intrinsic merit as possible.

Acid-Base Chemistry Lab Essay -- Scientific Research

The purpose of this lab was to determine the pH and total acidity of grape juice and wine. A second purpose was to experimentally determine the pKa of a monoprotic weak acid, polyprotic weak acid, as well as, a free amino acid, alanine. Acids and bases were defined by Bronsted-Lowry in 1923, in which acids were described as substances capable of donating a proton and bases are substances capable of accepting a proton (Thompson and Dinh 2009). In addition to defining acids and bases, Bronsted-Lowry further classified acids and bases as being either strong or weak. By definition, a strong acid or base is a substance that is completely dissociated in aqueous solutions and in contrast, weak acids only partially dissociate and reach their equilibrium with their conjugate base (Harris 2003). Buffers are comprised of weak acids and their conjugate bases. In the food industry, buffers are commonly used to protect changes in pH of food stuffs. The two conjugate components of the buffer resist changes in pH by absorbing the addition of any hydrogen or hydroxyl ions (Christen and Smith 2000). When weak acids and their conjugate bases are at equilibrium, their concentrations can be expressed in terms of the dissociation constant, Ka. For a strong acid, the Ka value is greater than 1 x 10-2M and less than 1 x 10-2M for a weak acid (Thompson and Dinh 2009). For weak acids, the relationship of hydrogen ion concentration and pH can be defined by the Henderson-Hasselbach equation (Thompson and Dinh 2009). Wine quality greatly depends on the quality of the grapes and the microorganisms involved in the fermentation process (Husnik and others 2006). When compared to lactic acid bacteria, yeasts are better suited for growt... ... Son HS, Hong YS, Park WM, Yu MA, Lee CH. 2009. A novel approach for estimating sugar and alcohol concentrations in wines using refractometer and hydrometer. J. Food Chem. 74:106-111. Thompson LD, Dinh T. 2009. Acid-Base Chemistry. FDSC 4303/5303 food chemistry laboratory manual. Lubbock, Tx.: Texas Tech University, Department of Animal and Food Sciences. Ugliano M, Moio L. 2005. Changes in the concentration of yeast-derived volatile compounds of red wine during malolactic fermentation with four commercial starter cultures of Oenococcus oeni. J. Agric. Food Chem. 53:10134-10139. Waite JG, Daeschel MA. 2007. Contribution of wine components to inactivation of food-borne pathogens. J. Food Sci. 72:286-291. Wintersteen CL, Andrae LM, Engeseth NJ. 2005. Effect of heat treatment on antioxidant capacity and flavor volatiles of mead. J. Food Chem. 70:119-126.

Culture Is A Learned Phenomenon

Culture is a learned phenomenon that has both limiting and liberating effects. How do you think mass media messages received today help to shape our cultural views of attraction? How does our culture seem to define attractiveness of a woman and a man? Support your post with real life examples of media message that you found to be persuasive. Mass Media helps shape our view our views of attraction by the things we see every day from magazines to commercials. The celebrities on the front of magazines are created to look perfect but in actual reality don't.Their bodies eave been photo shopped to have more distinct features and to portray that perfect look. And in consequence people believe that is what beauty is and that's what beauty should look like and then go on to believe that's what they should kick like. What the media is doing is creating false beauty. Men are expected to look like Calvin Klein models, muscles, abs, and perfect hair. Women are expected to look like Victoria secr et models, skinny, tan, and tall. And in this day and age if you don't like something about yourself it is perfectly normal to get surgery to fix it. Ink in most of those situations he or she is getting something done to fix something it is to enhance something; to make their nose look slimmer or to go up a breast size or two.

Home School Essay

It has come to the attention of many that the debate over home schooling has been getting more brutal each and every day. Below is reassurance on why the board should offer this marvelous opportunity to these students. Every student is different, each has its own learning curves; some more then others. I am for home school because students can be overwhelmed by the large amount of work, students can get off task easily in traditional school, and if a student is home schooled, the student is the center of attention. When students go to traditional school, there are a lot of other students. Being with so many other students can be overwhelming for some, not all. For the students that it is too overwhelming for, why shouldn’t those students get an equal opportunity to do there best in school? If it is school were talking, then throw in the conversation of life as well. Without good schooling, students will be unable to get into a good college, without college, well it is kind of sad for the rest of their lives. As the Board of Education you want students to succeed in school, and in life, well then tell people to stop trying to slow down there education and the process in which students and parents educate. A positive in being home schooled is not getting off task. If the students do not have a large amount of distraction, then the want for distraction will be eliminated. Students get off task very easily (Trust me). An example of an off task student is a student talking to another student, thus far not hearing the teachers instructions. By keeping them on task then that is a great way to destroy a learning curve or learning curves. Another positive in home school is, the student is the center of attention! In any traditional school, there is a lot of students that do not understand or get the concept of a focus of study. Teachers have many students and may not always be available to make the focus of study more clear to the student. Home school guarantees the idea of a student never being left behind. What is the point of putting a student through school and the student only grasps bits and pieces, when the student could understand it all and probably even learn more then the average student in traditional school. To conclude this essay, please remember that home schooling is a great opportunity. Students are different and need special attention. I am for home school because students can be overwhelmed by the large amount of work, students can get off task easily in traditional school, and if a student is home schooled, the student is the center of attention. If the student can afford and have the means to do so, let home schooling happen!

What the President of the United States Does

What the President of the United States Does The President of the United States or â€Å"POTUS† functions as the head of the United States federal government. The president directly oversees all agencies of the executive branch of government and is considered the commander-in-chief of all branches of the  United States Armed Forces. The executive powers of the president are enumerated in Article II of the U.S. Constitution. The president is indirectly elected by the people through the  electoral college system to a four-year term. The president and vice president are the only two nationally elected offices in the federal government. The president may serve no more than two four year terms. The Twenty-second Amendment prohibits any person from being elected president for a third term and prohibits any person from being elected to the presidency more than once if that person previously had served as president, or acting president, for more than two years of another persons term as president. The primary duty of the president of the United States is to make sure that all U.S. laws are carried out and that the federal government is run effectively. Although the president may not introduce new legislation - thats the duty of Congress - he does wield veto power over all bills that are approved by the legislature. In addition, the president has the weighty role of commander in chief of the armed forces. As the nations chief executive, the president oversees foreign policy, making treaties with foreign nations and appointing ambassadors to other nations and to the United Nations, and  domestic policy, dealing with issues within the United States, and economic. He also appoints members of the Cabinet, as well as Supreme Court justices and federal judges. Day-To-Day Governance The president, with Senate approval, appoints a Cabinet, which oversees specific facets of government. Members of the Cabinet include - but are not limited to - the vice president, the presidential chief of staff, the U.S trade representative, and the heads of all the major federal departments, such as the secretaries of state, defense, the Treasury, and the attorney general, who leads the Justice Department. The president, along with his Cabinet, helps set the tone and policy for the entire executive branch and how the laws of the United States are enforced. Legislative Duties The president is expected to address the full Congress at least once a year to report on the State of the Union. Although the president does not have the power to enact laws, he does work with Congress to introduce new legislation and carries a great deal of power, particularly with members of his own party, to lobby for legislation he favors. If Congress should enact a law that the president opposes, he may veto the legislation before it can become law. Congress may override the presidential veto with a two-thirds majority of those in attendance in both the Senate and House of Representatives at the time the override vote is taken. Foreign Policy The president is authorized to make treaties with foreign nations, pending Senate approval. He also appoints ambassadors to other countries and to the United Nations, though those, too, require Senate confirmation. The president and his administration represent the interests of the United States abroad; as such, he often meets with, entertains and develops a relationship with other heads of state. Commander in Chief of the Military The president serves as commander in chief of the nations armed forces. In addition to his powers over the military, the president has the authority to deploy those forces at his discretion, with congressional approval. He may also ask Congress to declare war on other nations. Salary and Perks Being president is not without its perks. The president earns $400,000 per year and is, traditionally, the highest-paid federal official. He has use of two presidential residences, the White House and Camp David in Maryland; has both an airplane, Air Force One, and helicopter, Marine One, at his disposal; and has a legion of staff members including a personal chef to assist him in both his professional duties and private life. Retirement: Pension and Perks Under the Former Presidents Act of 1958, former Presidents of the United States who were not been removed from office due to impeachment receive several lifetime retirement benefits. Before 1958, former presidents received no pension or other retirement benefits, whatsoever. Today, former presidents are entitled to a pension, staff and office expenses, medical care or health insurance, and Secret Service protection. Briefly, former presidents receive a taxable pension equal to the annual salary of the President’s Cabinet secretaries and heads of other executive branch departments, currently $210,700 per year. The pension begins immediately after a president’s departure from office. Former first ladies may also be paid a lifetime annual pension of $20,000 if they relinquish any other pensions the might be eligible to receive. In addition, former presidents are entitled to- at their option- office space, staff, and communications systems. In some cases, these extra benefits can add up to more than the annual pension payment itself. For example, the federal fiscal year 2018 budget requests for the former presidents include $536,000 for office space for former President Barack Obama and $68,000 for travel for former President George H.W. Bush. Risky Job The job is certainly not without its risks. The president and his family are given round-the-clock protection by the Secret Service. Abraham Lincoln was the first U.S. president to be assassinated; James Garfield, William McKinley, and John F. Kennedy were also assassinated while in office. Andrew Jackson, Harry Truman, Gerald Ford and Ronald Reagan all survived assassination attempts. Presidents continue to receive Secret Service protection after they retire from office. Phaedra Trethan is a freelance writer who also works as a copy editor for the Camden Courier-Post. She formerly worked for the Philadelphia Inquirer, where she wrote about books, religion, sports, music, films, and restaurants. Updated by Robert Longley

Gender Portrayal and Prime Time Comedy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Gender Portrayal and Prime Time Comedy - Essay Example The proposed portrayal, therefore, was intended to be a young, highly educated attorney whom happened to be female. The cast, however, was broad in terms of characterization and included a number of clearly developed male and female characters. The majority of these characters were attorneys at Ally's law firm. Superficially, at least, the stage appears set for a comedy devoid of gender stereotypes. Ally is a successful attorney and her best friend is a man. She wears pants and is financially independent. A careful examination of the scripts, however, reveals that gender stereotypes remain pervasive even in a prime time television program purporting to be offering a stereotype-free program. I don't believe in equal parenting, and if we have kids I expect you to quit work and while I certainly don't think of you only as a sexual object, I do think of you as someone who should fulfill my sexual needs, and if you put on a hundred pounds, I'd have a big problem there too." (quoted in Lemaster: 2) The gender portrayal is hardly subtle; to be sure, it is a direct statement by a main character to the effect that men should work and women should take care of the home after having children. Billy doesn't believe in equality, he characterizes his girlfriend's duties as including the satisfaction of his sexual needs, and he warns her against gaining weight. So many stereotypes are packed into this simple portion of the television script. The woman must take care of the home, she must be available to satisfy the male's sexual needs, and she must place her appearance at a high level or she will risk losing the man. One can hardly conceive of dialogue which so directly contradicts the aforementioned goal of presenting a modern comedy devoid of stereotypes. The women seem to indulge the men rather than becoming offended or angry; to be sure, when confronted with actions and comments that would most certainly trigger sexual harassment lawsuits in the real world, these female characters instead merely play along. This playing along with the male characters seems to reinforce the stereotypes rather than challenging them or breaking them down. An illustrative portion of dialogue, from Episode 3, involves two of Ally's female colleagues interviewing a male applicant for an entry-level position: Renee: "Would you mind removing you shirt" Male interviewee: "I beg your pardon" Renee: "I just want to see your chest, and your stomach." Male interviewee: "Is that legal" Whipper: "It's illegal to require it, and of course we couldn't do that. Now, basically, the business of law is all about getting clients, now we plan to use our sensuality to do that. Renee and I will provide a little eye candy for the men." Renne: "It would be rude not to have something for the women." Whipper: "Absolutely." (quoted in Lemaster: 4). This dialogue is ironic; it is ironic because the women are at the same time mocking the behavior of their male colleagues and them justifying the use of their sexuality to gain clients. There is no anger or resentment. They may express their views more subtly than did Billy previously, but they see

External Enviroment Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

External Enviroment - Research Paper Example This paper seeks to explain how big companies can affect the government role as an external environment. The government stipulates policies on how and when companies should remit their taxes. Big companies are key contributors to tax collection and when they remit the tax as per the regulation, the government is able to finance other expenses (Claire 13). This enhances government performance. Big companies are likely to have outlets all over wide region of the sphere and still a wide range of products. The explanation of this is that the company will have a lot of product transportation from one region to another or even to its scattered customers. Consequently, roads will wear out more often than not hence that government has to keep on replacing the worn out roads. Although this keeps the government on its toes to in making sure that roads are in good state, this affects the government budget negatively as it has to look for finances and may lead to borrowing (Hardgrave 15). A big company like coca cola uses big and heavy commercial trailers to transport product to its outlets, such trailers speed up the wear and tear of a road. Big organizations are powerful in government during policy formulation and adherence. They have a lot of information from the market which they can use to assist government on decisions. Such advice help the government n make informed decisions (Hardgrave 32). Big companies are likely to carry out activities in more than one country. This shows that it has a big volume of resources and can execute government regulations on product control with ease. For example, if the government passes a bill stipulating that the company should use anew packaging, it becomes easier for bigger companies to pull resources together and act accordingly. Contrarily, big companies can pull its wide range of resources to challenge legally some of

Like alcohol and tobacco drugs should be legalized in america Essay

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Communication excellence using technology in the work place - Essay Example For instance, through the communication technology, services such as video conferencing are essential in revolutionizing the workplace Hinchcliffe (2014). Video conferencing allows for activities such as distance online meetings in which the leadership makes plans over their worker and manages its activities. Another role of technology within the workplace is its utilization for the procedures of communication between the workers and customers of the business or organization, as well as, the leadership at the workplace. By using technology for communication, the workplace relations between the customers, workers and leadership receive a significant boost. Thus, technology plays a remarkably essential role in the process of the workplace establishing its relations with the customers. Moreover, with better communication technology in use between the workplace and the customer base, technology facilitates better customer care services in the organization Hinchcliffe (2014). Thus, technology has a role in establishing and improving the customer care service within the workplace for the advantage of the workplace, as well as, the workers dealing directly with clients. Another notable role of technology in the workplace is the aspect of mobility while at work. Technology entails several aspects, which are mobile and allow mobility Hinchcliffe (2014). Such technological services allowing mobility at workplace include the utilization of portable devices such as the smartphones, tablets and laptops among others. These devices allow workers to work even from the comfort of their homes, a factor that influences the mobility within the workplace. This mobility results in improved service delivery as the worker capitalizes on the aspect of time saving. Additionally, the use of technology within the workplace increases the pace of accomplishing tasks. Technology incorporates the aspect of speed a factor that most organizations consider while selecting the

Kevin Mitnick Ethical Issues And Computer Hacking History Philosophy Essay

Kevin Mitnick Ethical Issues And Computer Hacking History Philosophy Essay This report deals in identifying the ethical issues of Kevin Mitnick and his computer hacking history and weather the accusations and they way FBI prosecuted his case were correct or not .Each of the issue raised would further be discussed by using the three ethical theories of Consequence-Based, Duty-Based and Character-Based. Apart from that the general role of a computer professional will also be described later on in this report in terms of using their knowledge and expertise in terms of hacking. Hence this report will be divided into two parts the first part focusing on highlighting the ethical issues and his prosecution and second would deal with the computer professional part. A detail description of his history of hacking is mentioned in the case scenario which will be described later on in the report. Firstly a brief introduction of ethics and its three theories would be discussed which will make it easy to understand and to implement it on the Kevin Mitnick case. Ethics has been described in many ways by different people over the history including same great Greek philosophers such as Socrates, Aristotle, and so on. Greeks mostly defined ethics as the study of what was good for the infidel and the society. The easiest way to describe ethics would be differing and reflecting a human being character in terms of what is good or bad, right or wrong, fair and unfair, responsible or irresponsible. It will lead a human being moral character to be in good conduct. Ethics can also be referred as to what humans are suppose to do if they follow the prescribe standards of right and wrong, which normally would lead him in terms of rights, his benefit to society, his obligations etc. Also ethics and can be referred as studying of moral character of human being and developing it to an ethical standard.[1] Ethics begins when elements within a moral system conflict.[1]  ¿Ã‚ ½Ethics exists in many forms in branches, literatures, eras, traditions. All of them following the root hub of ethics but the form of ethics which is highlighted and followed in our case study for this report are what is called Cyberethics. Cyberethics To understand the meaning of cyberethics a person should be aware of the term Cybertechnology. All the devices used in modern era in the field of cyber space such as hand held devices, personal computers, mainframes, networks and mainly the Internet can be termed as a part of Cybertechnology.  ¿Ã‚ ½Cybertechnology in terms refers to a broad spectrum of technologies that ranges from stand alone computers to the clustered of networked computing, information and communication technologies ¿Ã‚ ½ [2] Different definitions of cyberethics exists mostly dealing with ethical issues with certain type of online activities for e.g. pornography, gambling etc. It can be referred as certain types of laws which are not monitored by the judicial or law governing bodies but from and individual himself which go beyond his moral values which would be something different from cyber law which has to governed and monitored by a governing body.  ¿Ã‚ ½Cyberethics can be defined as the field of applied ethics that examines moral, legal and social issues in the development and use of Cybertechnology ¿Ã‚ ½ [2] Ethical Theories Since this report has to follow certain type of ethical theories in order to identify the ethical issues a brief description of each one of them has been mentioned below. Consequence-Based As the name suggest consequence based theories produces the most desirable outcomes for it member morally. The providing of ultimate standards for consequence of actions against which the moral decisions were evaluated is highlighted in this theory. The goodness or right identified by consequence would be something regarded as Consequence-Based ethical theory which gives some outcome for someone. But whose outcome would be the question here that who should benefit from this outcome? This argument has mostly been provided by some big Utilitarian thinkers such as Jeremy Bentham, John Stuart Mill, and Henry Sedgwick etc. The argument provided by them normally follows the theory that an act of some individual or a whole social policy would be acceptable if it ¿Ã‚ ½s providing great benefits for a majority of individuals which would be affected with the given policy or from the provided act by the certain individual. ¿Ã‚ ½Jeremy Bentham states that  ¿Ã‚ ½ People are driven by their interests and their fears, but their interests take precedence over their fears, and their interests are carried out in accordance with how people view the consequences that might be involved with their interests. Happiness on this account is defined as the maximization of pleasure and the minimization of pain ¿Ã‚ ½. [3] This form of ethics mainly explains that whatever happen sand outcome or result is achieved should be in a favor of large number of population rather than that of a certain minority. They should provide happiness to everyone rather than just one person who would be satisfied when a certain kind of act is performed. Duty-Based Duty based Ethical theory is something which gives the concept of Deontology derived from the Greek word Deon which means Duty. The concept of Deontology is the approach in which goodness and right would be achieved by studying the act of an individual or social policy rather than the consequence which its leads too. Immanuel Kant was one of the Deontological thinkers who always criticized Utilitarian thinkers saying that morality must be defined as the duty of an individual to one another rather than consequence which are produced when a certain individual performs a certain type of action. He said happiness is not the concern in terms of morality. He said that it was the motives and goals of a human being which made him to choose right or wrong rather than the consequences. W.D Ross another deontological thinker argument is  ¿Ã‚ ½Utilitarianism seems to simplify unduly our relations to our fellows. It says, in effect, that the only morally significant relation in whom my neighbors stand to me is that of being possible beneficiaries of my action. They do stand in this relation to me, and this relation is morally significant. But they may also stand to me in the relation of promise to promisor, of creditor to debtor, of wife to husband, of fellow countryman to fellow countryman, and the like; and each of these relations is the foundation of aduty ¿Ã‚ ½[4] So in short a Duty-based approach leads us to a conclusion that morality of a human being would be carried out by the acts he perform which would justify if he ¿Ã‚ ½s right or wrong. His Duty toward honesty, Justice, violence etc is what will be regarded his moral duty rather than himself being happy if he tells a lie. Character-Based Character Based theory reject the first two theories which focus on consequence or an act, instead this theory focuses on an individual character and is also mostly known as Virtue Ethics. Its main concerns are with individual ¿Ã‚ ½s moral character and don ¿Ã‚ ½t rely on duties and consequences. It has a very old history which rages back to great Greek philosophers like Aristotle and Plato who argued that each person has to obtain a right virtue since each of us will have a certain virtue in him which will be his strength or excellences which will lead towards a good or bad moral character. Virtue ethics is somewhat which can be called as agent oriented rather the first two which are action oriented or rule oriented. The main question of what a virtue ethics would be follow in a certain type of situation in which he or she has to perform an action and weather the individual has to do it or not instead it would go the other way around seeking the information of what kind of person I should be?.  ¿Ã‚ ½It is only by means of this idea [of virtue] that any judgment as to moral worth or its opposite is possibleEverything good that is not based on a morally good disposition ¿Ã‚ ½is nothing but pretence and glittering misery ¿Ã‚ ½ [5] Background Our case study focuses on a person named Kevin Mitnick who was the first hacker in computer to reach the FBI most wanted listed. He was arrested on Feb 15 1995 by FBI in which he was accused of number of acts which included breaking into computer systems and networks all over the world and altering information which lead the company to invest into new security measures and also for the charge of violations of his terms and conditions on the period of probation for his previous computer crimes. He was caught by the help of a Japanese computer security expert Tsutomo Shimomura whose system is said was hacked by Kevin Mitnick in San Diego Supercomputer Center which made him furious in tracking and helping the FBI. His hacking started in his school days where he got fascinated with computers in a computer class. His passion of technology made him learn quickly and he soon managed to Hack LA public school districts computer. At age of 17 he Hacked into Pacific Bell and altered phone bills. Same year he gain access to information valued at $200,000 for a San Francisco Company. Caught and prosecuted earned him a probation of 6 months. During that period he again hacked into the judge and probation officers and judge phone disconnected and bills accredited. Interestingly the police caught the system has been accessed from outside but nothing showed up in their database. He also hacked into NORAD a missile monitoring company in states. Obviously this one could have had catastrophic effects .In 1988 he was accused of two crimes one of them was of accessing a MCI network for long distance call and second stealing a computer system which caused damaged of up to $4 million for a company. For this reason the judge decided to put him on jail without bail. During his bail attempts prosecutors presented evidence of him breaking into National Security Agency computers and also that a false story being printed that a bank lost $400 million in first quarter of that year. This happened just after 4 days when Mitnick was denied a job in that bank. Finally Mitnick pleaded guilty and was sentenced to jail for 18 months and 3 years of probation. In 1992 FBI suspected him of hacking into Pacific Bell of which evidence was found later on which made Mitnick flee from FBI. Evidence of altering driving license record to set up a false identity was retrieved. In this period the police came up to very close encounters of arresting him but Kevin always managed to move on. Finally being found and arrested in 1995 was charged with various new crimes and violation of his parole. He was Denied bail and it was ensured that there was no equipment of computers handed to him in jail so he could commit more crime. Phone calls were closely monitored and in 1997 Mitnick pleaded guilty and was sentenced to jail for 22 months for charges of accessing phone system in order to get free long distance calls and then a 3 years probation period in which he would stay away from anything  ¿Ã‚ ½Hi-tech ¿Ã‚ ½ Most of his crimes still remain unsolved and he was released in January 2000 and expiration of probation in 2003. [6][7][8] Ethical Issues The ethical issues for the given case study and their discussion from the above discussed theory are highlighted and discussed below. * Hacking into a number of companies and accessing their computer networks and gaining access to unauthorized files or data. Was it ethical to gain access of such files or data or merely breaking into a computer network? Applying the consequence based approached breaking into a computer network or gaining access to secure files only benefited Mitnick and no one else. According to utilitarianism the majority must gain happiness on the base of a consequence but in this case it Kevin himself who gained happiness and not the majority hence this act would be regarded as wrong for Kevin that it was not ethical for him to gain or break into a computer network The duty based approach and deontology theory would easily say it ¿Ã‚ ½s wrong. By his acts it can concluded that is not right to gain access to another computer networks. That is stated in the ten commandments of ethics as well which was defined in 1992.All Company would have secure files and data and would not be wanted to breached by an outsider. Hence it was completely wrong by Mitnick to do so. Character Based approach in Kevin ¿Ã‚ ½s case would want him to break into computer networks for his passion of technology and the sake of fun. His thirst for knowledge still exists and breaking into these computers made him gain more knowledge which was more fun for him. But morally this was wrong. By virtue ethics he should have chosen the right path rather then this wrong path. Hence it was still unethical for him to break into computers. * In his hacking history Kevin never gained any financial outcome but instead he did it for the sake of challenge or sometimes to extract revenge on people .So was it ethical to do so and to take such challenges or seek revenge from people? Consequence based theory would again say  ¿Ã‚ ½No ¿Ã‚ ½ in this case merely of the fact that extracting revenge from some people or winning a challenge to prove your ability would just be beneficial for Kevin himself which in this case would be a minor individual and will be happy himself only. The majority of people would not be happy from this outcome. Duty based approach would say seeking revenge or damaging or doing unauthorized things of which you ¿Ã‚ ½re not authorized to do would again lead to  ¿Ã‚ ½NO ¿Ã‚ ½. Mitnick was not supposed to do it since it not an act which an individual is suppose to do. Character-based or virtue ethics justifies to pick good habits of your moral character and leave the odd one behind to be a good human being and in this case doing good for yourself by causing harm to others isn ¿Ã‚ ½t something good for and individual characters and in this case Kevin Mitnick. * Hacking into his school district computer system and Pacific Bell for altering Phone Bills. Was it ethically right for him at age 17 to break into a computer of his school and in pacific bell to alter phone bills? Consequence approach would again say NO since he did it for himself again in this case .The Benefit of this hack was for his own good and not for anyone else. Especially the alteration of phone bills is going to create losses for the phone company which might turn up into large numbers as well. So it was completely wrong in doing so. Duty Based approach applied on this issue would again lead to the conclusion of  ¿Ã‚ ½No ¿Ã‚ ½ since there is no act or policy which would suggest Kevin to break into school system or into phone company to alter his phone bills. Based on the outcome of his acts he was totally wrong in do so again. Character Based approach would again lead to the fact that morally as an individual he knew it was wrong in doing so but again he preferred to adopt his bad habit in this case which was again wrong and lead to such an outcome hence it ¿Ã‚ ½s a  ¿Ã‚ ½No ¿Ã‚ ½ again. * Being on probation for his conviction Mitnick got his parole officers phone disconnected and altered the computer record of the judge of his case in a credit service computer .Was it ethical for Kevin to do such an act ? Applying Consequence based approach it ¿Ã‚ ½s again going to lead to the fact of  ¿Ã‚ ½No ¿Ã‚ ½ because the result of this act was something bad for his parole officer and the judge. It was an act done by Kevin for his own satisfaction that was the minority in this issue and being in probation he should have avoided such consequences which he didn ¿Ã‚ ½t. Duty Based again would not support Kevin in this issue. His act was defiantly wrong in this case because the judge could have had bad impacts and the parole officer must have been unhappy to and misguided due to Kevin acts. And being on probation one shouldn ¿Ã‚ ½t go against the law but Kevin did for his personal vendetta. Character based theory wouldn ¿Ã‚ ½t allow someone ¿Ã‚ ½s moral character to take revenge and hurt someone else which in this case again leads to  ¿Ã‚ ½No ¿Ã‚ ½. Hurting someone for the sake of revenge is what would be considered a bad habit or an act leading to something which would not be regarded as morally good and if u knows that the law is restricting you from something a good moral character wouldn ¿Ã‚ ½t want someone to go against the law to seek his own happiness. * Convicted Stealing software from a company in Santa Cruz, California and no conviction record was on FBI database. Was it Ethical to steal and alter records? Consequence based theory wouldn ¿Ã‚ ½t allow stealing or altering to be me permissible. Stealing is something which would not be allowed in any circumstances and even if we assume it does it wouldn ¿Ã‚ ½t be something beneficial for majority in this case the California Company and the alteration of record of FBI. This time as well it ¿Ã‚ ½s  ¿Ã‚ ½No ¿Ã‚ ½. Duty based will not support an act of stealing or altering which won ¿Ã‚ ½t be regarded something as good so this time even in comparisons of acts it ¿Ã‚ ½s a NO from this point. Character Based would say that stealing to be considered as one of the bad habit of a human being and alteration of record can be considered of something as manipulation of record and in this case of a bad deed which Kevin was convicted so it ¿Ã‚ ½s a  ¿Ã‚ ½No ¿Ã‚ ½ this time as well. * Breaking into North American Air Defense Command (NORAD) missile defense system. Was it ethical for him to break into a defense system of a country? The first approach of Consequence Based would hugely argue because gaining access to such delicate system could have catastrophic affects on millions of people. Harming or altering of those files would have been really dangerous. So it ¿Ã‚ ½s a  ¿Ã‚ ½No ¿Ã‚ ½ again. Second approach of duty based wouldn ¿Ã‚ ½t allow any such policy or rule for an individual to again access to such delicate system cause of the dangerous outcomes it can lead it into hence its  ¿Ã‚ ½No ¿Ã‚ ½ again. Third approach of Character based would not consider it to be a good habit of one moral character in doing so because it would harm so many people so it ¿Ã‚ ½s a  ¿Ã‚ ½No ¿Ã‚ ½ from this point of view as well. * Charge of two new crimes: Accessing MCI network for long distance calls and causing $ 4 million damage to Digital Equipment Corporation. Was it ethical to illegally access MCI and cause damage of worth $ 4 million to a company? Consequence would say  ¿Ã‚ ½No ¿Ã‚ ½ cause again the minority gets benefit from this case that is Kevin and not the majority Both of them MCI and Digital Cop lost lots of money because of this act performed by Kevin who were the majority in this issue . Duty Based wouldn ¿Ã‚ ½t support Kevin as well cause because of this both those companies had to face huge losses from the act that Kevin had performed. No such policy or act would be permissible for any individual in the world to do so. Hence  ¿Ã‚ ½No ¿Ã‚ ½ is the answer Character based would again regard this as  ¿Ã‚ ½No ¿Ã‚ ½ cause as stated above again and again alteration of records and damaging files and causing harm to others would be regarded as a good deed or good habit so it ¿Ã‚ ½s a  ¿Ã‚ ½No ¿Ã‚ ½ again. * Judge denied him bail and ordered him to be held in jail? Was he ethical in doing so? This period lasted for eight months in solitary consignment for Kevin. Consequence based might support this act of judge because Kevin was causing harm to large majority of people but putting him on solitary consignment for 8 months without bail and from the fact that it was not proven at that time that Kevin had committed those acts was a bit harsh on Kevin. So it ¿Ã‚ ½s a split decision I guess. Duty based would support the judge too cause he was causing harm to major companies and people but still the decision was too harsh for Kevin cause he deserved a trial at least .Everyone does. Character based would not support the judge since it was a fact the Kevin was notorious but he deserved a trial and even if the judge thought he didn ¿Ã‚ ½t, putting him in solitary consignment prison was totally wrong. A normal jail would have been alright to stop Kevin from his notorious activities but solitary consignment was something very wrong and very harsh. * Kevin fleeing from the authorities on a number of occasions for two years and using fake identities to hide himself from the authorities during his probation. Was it ethical for him to do so? Kevin did for his own good and during this period he caused damaged to majority with his notorious activities so consequence Based would support him on this issue. Duty based would also not support him since it ¿Ã‚ ½s not right to take misguide law by using fake identities and stay on a run for two years. Character based wouldn ¿Ã‚ ½t support him to since it ¿Ã‚ ½s not right for someone to take law in his own hands and using fake identities by damaging other people identities to keep yourself. It ¿Ã‚ ½s a definite  ¿Ã‚ ½No ¿Ã‚ ½ since it ¿Ã‚ ½s not a good deed * Was it ethically right for Shimomura to help FBI in catching Kevin? All the three theories of character duty and consequence based would support Shimomura in this issue its ethically right for anyone to help the law to catch someone who has been causing harm to the community. And it was morally right for every individual to help to catch Kevin. * After being caught Kevin was held in Federal prison from 1995 to 1997 without bail and without trial by the FBI. Was it ethically right to do so.? Consequence would again support the FBI since Kevin was harm to many firms companies and people but only if Kevin was charged after trial to stay in prison. Duty Base shouldn ¿Ã‚ ½t support this act of FBI since they were laws by now to convict Kevin but FBI didn ¿Ã‚ ½t even allow a fair trial to run which is not supported so YES| they were ethically wrong in doing so. Character Based wouldn ¿Ã‚ ½t support the FBI too since it ¿Ã‚ ½s not right for anyone to stay in prison for a period of 2 years without bail or trial. At least a trial should have been offered to Kevin and then if found guilty he should have faced what he deserved. Role of a professional A professional is someone who holds a degree in a particular field in terms of education and then uses his expertise in his relative field and makes sure that his professionalism follows the code of ethics which will include terms such as Behavior, sociality, confidentiality etc. When a professional is hired somewhere a contract and a bond is created between the two to follow certain acts and rules or policy within the organization and one of them is the security concern of misusing the data of an organization Organizations related to Information Technology or having the IT dept within them also maintain a policy between their engineers and themselves. In our particular case the role of a software engineer, hardware engineer or an application engineer they should follow those rules and policies but also IEEE CODE OF ETHICS which is the main source of ethics code for any IT professional which should be followed by any professional related to the field of information and technology and in our case being software, application and hardware engineers [9] Usage of knowledge for Hacking by a professional In regards to using their knowledge for hacking can be something quite disastrous. If we take each of them individually and start with the hardware engineer obviously he can use it the right way or the wrong way since hardware devices manually build are quite useful in hacking mainly portable devices something like which Kevin Mitnick used for hacking into McDonalds drive through system. But is it right for them to do so and the answer is obviously no cause it ¿Ã‚ ½s against the code of ethics which exists in many forms related to cyber technology Same goes to a software engineer and application engineer cause software and application level technical support is quite useful to build or modify codes of a program and make it useful for something negative which is obviously something which would not be appreciated in our society because it ¿Ã‚ ½s going to be harmful to many . . But can all this knowledge be used in a positive way? Can hacking be positive? The answer to this question is yes and is something what is called ethical hacker. Ethical Hacker vs. Hacker: Hacker being the one using his knowledge on the darker side tries to break into systems. While a Ethical hacker is someone who does what is called penetration testing and hacks into systems just to identify security flaws and then inform companies to secure those flaws and sometimes providing them with solutions to those flaws as well but he has normally doing it for a security firm who is licensed to do so and has the right or permission of doing so .An individual if doing it all alone by himself would be considered to have committed a crime..To stop or catch a hacker is what can be called ethical hacker as well. In our case study Tsutomu Shimomura is an ethical hacker who used his knowledge to catch a hacker Kevin Mitnick. Kevin Mitnick also nowadays is an ethical hacker who runs his security company and does penetration testing for various organizations but this time having his rights to do it in a legal way and gets paid off well for doing so. Conclusion Information technology has had good and bad impacts as any other technology in the world. In the world of Cybertechnology hacking is the negative side. Kevin Mitnick curiosity for technology lead him in Hacking but what started out as the sake of fun did turn up to be quite disrupting when converted into major form. However being a bit realistic the Decision of FBI holding him solitary confinement for 8 months without bail and trial would be something regarded as unfair for a guy of Kevin caliber since it ¿Ã‚ ½s quite clear that he was a genius. And if a genius is treated this way his bound to go on the run when FBI suspects him later to be committing that crime again even though if he ¿Ã‚ ½s not committed the crime he would be afraid of facing the same thing without bail and would want to run away from it. Psychologist has stated in the documentary movie  ¿Ã‚ ½Freedom Downtime  ¿Ã‚ ½Life of Kevin Mitnick ¿Ã‚ ½ that it was an event which will want each individual to run awa y and that ¿Ã‚ ½s what made him run. And then obviously his bad part took over him of which he evaded FBI for two years. Then again being caught Kevin did not get bail or a trial for 2 years since 1995 and 1997 was again wrong. If Kevin did something wrong he should have been punished after a fair trial which he wasn ¿Ã‚ ½t granted. Besides Lawyer stated in that movie that even murder ¿Ã‚ ½s get bail and trial why not Kevin? Kevin did deserve to be punished for his acts since they were totally unethical at the time but if FBI had use the law in a sincere way maybe Kevin wouldn ¿Ã‚ ½t end up that way and Kevin would have only been sentenced for the time period he deserved. An interesting part of American judiciary is that Kevin is the longest held person in history without trial or bail which can be figured out as to be totally unfair for him. After his sentence and probation of 3 years ending in 2003 Kevin has started a security consulting company and is now offering a role of ethical hacker and using penetration testing to check his clients security flaws and using the code of ethics quite well. His professional approach towards his clients and himself leads us to the fact that he has been using his knowledge now in a positive way to secure his reputation and prove to the entire world that he ¿Ã‚ ½s genius.